閱讀綜合輔導(dǎo) 　　[文學(xué)類] 　　題目序號 　　題型歸類 　　第1題 　　中心主旨題型 　　第2題 　　細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題型 　　第3題 　　句間關(guān)系題型 　　第4題 　　句間關(guān)系題型 　　第5題 　　詞匯題型 　　I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, atits most intense. Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since ithighlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from thetraditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision andwith following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But VirginiaWoolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and socialcritic as well as a visionary: literary critics cavalier dismissalof Woolfs social vision will not withstand scrutiny. 　　In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of howindividuals are shaped by their social environments, howhistorical forces impinge on peoples lives, how class,wealth, and gender help to determine peoples fates. Most of hernovels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precisehistorical time. 　　Woolfs focus on society has not been generally recognized because of herintense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novelsare usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentallysympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform theirsociety and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unawareof how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. Woolfdetested what she called preaching in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence for working by this method. 　　Woolfs own social criticism is expressed in the language of observationrather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative,not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for ajudgment about society and social issues; it is the readers work toput the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behindthem. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officiallyaccepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather thanasserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirists art. 　　Woolfs literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov andChaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, It is safeto say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon anotherbecause of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we areabsorbing morality at every pore. Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, toknow her society root and branch a decision crucial in order to produce art rather thanpolemic. 　　1.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? 　　[A] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf. 　　[B] Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel. 　　[C] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding VirginiaWoolfs Novels. 　　[D] Virginia Woolfs Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society. 　　2.In the first paragraph of the text, the authors attitude towardthe literary critics mentioned can best be described as 　　[A] disparaging. 　　[B] ironic. 　　[C] facetious. 　　[D] skeptical but resigned. 　　3.It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literaryexample because she believed that 　　[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as wellas on individual characters. 　　[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H.Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society. 　　[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with callingits accepted mores into question. 　　[D] Chaucers writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moralattitudes of his readers. 　　4.It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolfrealistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels wasthat she 　　[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be themost realistic of literary genres. 　　[B] was interested in the effect of a persons social milieu onhis or her character and actions. 　　[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order tosupport the arguments she advanced in them. 　　[D] wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of realitydid not in any way hamper the artist. 　　5.Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word contemplative as it isused in line 2, paragraph 4 of the text? 　　[A] Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores. 　　[B] Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment. 　　[C] Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the authorsperspective to the exclusion of the readers judgment. 　　[D] Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on anisolated individual consciousness. 　　[答案與考點(diǎn)解析] 　　1.【答案】D 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道中心主旨題。本文的中心主旨句在首段的尾句，結(jié)合每段的主題句，我們可以推斷出本文是在講Virginia Woolf的小說以及其小說對個(gè)人與社會之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行的相關(guān)闡述。可見本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是反映上述內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)D。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意全文的中心主旨句以及每段的主題句之間的相互關(guān)系。 　　2.【答案】A 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題。題干中的literary critics暗示本題的答案信息來源應(yīng)該在首段的尾句，通過對本句的閱讀與理解可推斷出本文作者對literary critics的態(tài)度是否定的，故選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是本題的正確選項(xiàng)。本題的選項(xiàng)D因?yàn)閞esigned（屈從的，順從的）一詞而不能成為本題的正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵闹胁]有包含這方面的意思。考生在解題時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真理解原文的每一個(gè)單詞。 　　3.【答案】D 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道句間關(guān)系題。通過題干中的Chaucer一詞可迅速將本題的答案信息確定在尾段的首句。通過閱讀尾段的第一句和第二句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是突出morality含義的選項(xiàng)D。考生在解題時(shí)一定要考慮到上下句之間的聯(lián)系。 　　4.【答案】B 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道句間關(guān)系題。通過題干中的realistically和social setting可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段的尾句，通過閱讀和理解第二段中僅有的兩個(gè)句子，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是突出人的社會環(huán)境影響人的性格和行為之含義的選項(xiàng)B。考生在解題時(shí)一定要重視上下句之間的相互聯(lián)系。 　　5.【答案】C 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道詞匯理解題。本題的題干以將本題的答案信息來源確定在第四段的第一句。如果考生不認(rèn)識contemplative這個(gè)詞，可以通過這個(gè)詞前后的語意關(guān)系以及第四段第二句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。通過仔細(xì)閱讀第四段的第一、二句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是C，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是回避direct commentary（直接的評論），不做active art（主動(dòng)的藝術(shù)），讓讀者自己去思考。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)該注意原文中所表達(dá)的對立對比關(guān)系。 　　[參考譯文] 　　我要批判社會體制，揭示出它在最為緊要的關(guān)頭是如何運(yùn)作的。弗吉尼亞伍爾芙在談及她寫作《達(dá)勒維夫人》的意圖時(shí)令人深思的言論，常常為批評家們所忽視，因?yàn)樗赝怀隽怂膶W(xué)興趣的一個(gè)方面，而這一方面與這位詩意小說家的一貫形象大相徑庭，她一貫所關(guān)注的是審視人們夢想與幻覺的種種狀態(tài)，并沿著個(gè)人意識的復(fù)雜路徑追尋。但弗吉尼亞伍爾芙是一位詩意小說家也是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，是一個(gè)空想家也是一個(gè)諷刺作家和社會批評家，對于伍爾芙的社會空想，文學(xué)批評家們傲慢地忽視伍爾芙的社會批判的做法是經(jīng)不起推敲的。 　　伍爾芙在其小說中全力探討如下問題：社會環(huán)境是如何塑造個(gè)人的（或是使人墮落的），歷史發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力是如何沖擊人們生活的，階級、財(cái)產(chǎn)和性別是如何在決定人生命運(yùn)中發(fā)揮作用的。她的大部分小說植根于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義營造的社會背景中，并發(fā)生在某一精確的歷史時(shí)期。 　　因?yàn)槲闋栜綄λ囆g(shù)宣傳十分厭惡，所以她對社會的關(guān)注并未得到普遍認(rèn)可。在她的小說中，改革者的形象通常是具有諷刺性的或是帶有尖銳的批判色彩。即使有時(shí)伍爾芙本質(zhì)上對他們的事業(yè)懷有同情心，但她還是將急于改革社會的，懷揣救世咨文或是綱領(lǐng)的人塑造成傲慢自大而又不夠誠實(shí)的形象，并還沒有意識到其政治主張是如何為滿足個(gè)人的心理私欲而服務(wù)的。（她在《作家日記》中寫道：唯有藝術(shù)家是誠實(shí)的人，而這些社會改革家和慈善家們將可恥的欲望隱藏在熱愛人類的假面之后）伍爾芙還痛恨在小說中應(yīng)用所謂的說教，對應(yīng)用這一理論進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作的小說家D. H.勞倫斯（及其他作家）進(jìn)行了批評。 　　伍爾芙將自己的社會批判以觀察的語言而不是直接的評論來表現(xiàn)，因?yàn)閷λ裕≌f是一門沉思凝想的藝術(shù)而非一門積極干預(yù)生活的藝術(shù)。她對社會及社會性問題所表現(xiàn)出來的現(xiàn)象加以描述，并提供材料讓人們作出評論。讀者要做的才是將這些觀察所得的資料綜合起來，并體會出隱含其中的連貫的觀點(diǎn)。作為一名道德家，伍爾芙間接而巧妙地對那些公認(rèn)的倫理道德進(jìn)行攻擊，她嘲諷、暗示、質(zhì)疑，而不是下論斷，鼓吹自己的觀點(diǎn)，或是充當(dāng)見證：她的作品是諷刺作家的藝術(shù)。 　　伍爾芙的文學(xué)楷模是像契訶夫和喬叟那樣敏銳的社會觀察家。正如她在《普通讀者》中表述的，完全可以說，還沒有因?yàn)閱疼耪f了什么或?qū)懥耸裁炊贫ǔ鲆豁?xiàng)法律或是建起一塊石碑；但當(dāng)我們在閱讀他的作品時(shí)，卻會全身心地汲取其道德思想。正如喬叟一樣，伍爾芙選擇去理解判斷，去徹底了解她所置身的社會去創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)而不是爭論性文章，這才是至關(guān)重要的決定。

　　閱讀綜合輔導(dǎo) 　　[文學(xué)類] 　　題目序號 　　題型歸類 　　第1題 　　中心主旨題型 　　第2題 　　細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題型 　　第3題 　　句間關(guān)系題型 　　第4題 　　句間關(guān)系題型 　　第5題 　　詞匯題型 　　I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, atits most intense. Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since ithighlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from thetraditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision andwith following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But VirginiaWoolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and socialcritic as well as a visionary: literary critics cavalier dismissalof Woolfs social vision will not withstand scrutiny. 　　In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of howindividuals are shaped by their social environments, howhistorical forces impinge on peoples lives, how class,wealth, and gender help to determine peoples fates. Most of hernovels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precisehistorical time. 　　Woolfs focus on society has not been generally recognized because of herintense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novelsare usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentallysympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform theirsociety and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unawareof how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. Woolfdetested what she called preaching in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence for working by this method. 　　Woolfs own social criticism is expressed in the language of observationrather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative,not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for ajudgment about society and social issues; it is the readers work toput the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behindthem. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officiallyaccepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather thanasserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirists art. 　　Woolfs literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov andChaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, It is safeto say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon anotherbecause of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we areabsorbing morality at every pore. Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, toknow her society root and branch a decision crucial in order to produce art rather thanpolemic. 　　1.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? 　　[A] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf. 　　[B] Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel. 　　[C] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding VirginiaWoolfs Novels. 　　[D] Virginia Woolfs Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society. 　　2.In the first paragraph of the text, the authors attitude towardthe literary critics mentioned can best be described as 　　[A] disparaging. 　　[B] ironic. 　　[C] facetious. 　　[D] skeptical but resigned. 　　3.It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literaryexample because she believed that 　　[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as wellas on individual characters. 　　[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H.Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society. 　　[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with callingits accepted mores into question. 　　[D] Chaucers writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moralattitudes of his readers. 　　4.It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolfrealistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels wasthat she 　　[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be themost realistic of literary genres. 　　[B] was interested in the effect of a persons social milieu onhis or her character and actions. 　　[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order tosupport the arguments she advanced in them. 　　[D] wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of realitydid not in any way hamper the artist. 　　5.Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word contemplative as it isused in line 2, paragraph 4 of the text? 　　[A] Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores. 　　[B] Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment. 　　[C] Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the authorsperspective to the exclusion of the readers judgment. 　　[D] Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on anisolated individual consciousness. 　　[答案與考點(diǎn)解析] 　　1.【答案】D 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道中心主旨題。本文的中心主旨句在首段的尾句，結(jié)合每段的主題句，我們可以推斷出本文是在講Virginia Woolf的小說以及其小說對個(gè)人與社會之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行的相關(guān)闡述。可見本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是反映上述內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)D。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意全文的中心主旨句以及每段的主題句之間的相互關(guān)系。 　　2.【答案】A 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題。題干中的literary critics暗示本題的答案信息來源應(yīng)該在首段的尾句，通過對本句的閱讀與理解可推斷出本文作者對literary critics的態(tài)度是否定的，故選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是本題的正確選項(xiàng)。本題的選項(xiàng)D因?yàn)閞esigned（屈從的，順從的）一詞而不能成為本題的正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵闹胁]有包含這方面的意思。考生在解題時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真理解原文的每一個(gè)單詞。 　　3.【答案】D 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道句間關(guān)系題。通過題干中的Chaucer一詞可迅速將本題的答案信息確定在尾段的首句。通過閱讀尾段的第一句和第二句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是突出morality含義的選項(xiàng)D。考生在解題時(shí)一定要考慮到上下句之間的聯(lián)系。 　　4.【答案】B 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道句間關(guān)系題。通過題干中的realistically和social setting可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段的尾句，通過閱讀和理解第二段中僅有的兩個(gè)句子，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是突出人的社會環(huán)境影響人的性格和行為之含義的選項(xiàng)B。考生在解題時(shí)一定要重視上下句之間的相互聯(lián)系。 　　5.【答案】C 　　【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道詞匯理解題。本題的題干以將本題的答案信息來源確定在第四段的第一句。如果考生不認(rèn)識contemplative這個(gè)詞，可以通過這個(gè)詞前后的語意關(guān)系以及第四段第二句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。通過仔細(xì)閱讀第四段的第一、二句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是C，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是回避direct commentary（直接的評論），不做active art（主動(dòng)的藝術(shù)），讓讀者自己去思考。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)該注意原文中所表達(dá)的對立對比關(guān)系。 　　[參考譯文] 　　我要批判社會體制，揭示出它在最為緊要的關(guān)頭是如何運(yùn)作的。弗吉尼亞伍爾芙在談及她寫作《達(dá)勒維夫人》的意圖時(shí)令人深思的言論，常常為批評家們所忽視，因?yàn)樗赝怀隽怂膶W(xué)興趣的一個(gè)方面，而這一方面與這位詩意小說家的一貫形象大相徑庭，她一貫所關(guān)注的是審視人們夢想與幻覺的種種狀態(tài)，并沿著個(gè)人意識的復(fù)雜路徑追尋。但弗吉尼亞伍爾芙是一位詩意小說家也是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，是一個(gè)空想家也是一個(gè)諷刺作家和社會批評家，對于伍爾芙的社會空想，文學(xué)批評家們傲慢地忽視伍爾芙的社會批判的做法是經(jīng)不起推敲的。 　　伍爾芙在其小說中全力探討如下問題：社會環(huán)境是如何塑造個(gè)人的（或是使人墮落的），歷史發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力是如何沖擊人們生活的，階級、財(cái)產(chǎn)和性別是如何在決定人生命運(yùn)中發(fā)揮作用的。她的大部分小說植根于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義營造的社會背景中，并發(fā)生在某一精確的歷史時(shí)期。 　　因?yàn)槲闋栜綄λ囆g(shù)宣傳十分厭惡，所以她對社會的關(guān)注并未得到普遍認(rèn)可。在她的小說中，改革者的形象通常是具有諷刺性的或是帶有尖銳的批判色彩。即使有時(shí)伍爾芙本質(zhì)上對他們的事業(yè)懷有同情心，但她還是將急于改革社會的，懷揣救世咨文或是綱領(lǐng)的人塑造成傲慢自大而又不夠誠實(shí)的形象，并還沒有意識到其政治主張是如何為滿足個(gè)人的心理私欲而服務(wù)的。（她在《作家日記》中寫道：唯有藝術(shù)家是誠實(shí)的人，而這些社會改革家和慈善家們將可恥的欲望隱藏在熱愛人類的假面之后）伍爾芙還痛恨在小說中應(yīng)用所謂的說教，對應(yīng)用這一理論進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作的小說家D. H.勞倫斯（及其他作家）進(jìn)行了批評。 　　伍爾芙將自己的社會批判以觀察的語言而不是直接的評論來表現(xiàn)，因?yàn)閷λ裕≌f是一門沉思凝想的藝術(shù)而非一門積極干預(yù)生活的藝術(shù)。她對社會及社會性問題所表現(xiàn)出來的現(xiàn)象加以描述，并提供材料讓人們作出評論。讀者要做的才是將這些觀察所得的資料綜合起來，并體會出隱含其中的連貫的觀點(diǎn)。作為一名道德家，伍爾芙間接而巧妙地對那些公認(rèn)的倫理道德進(jìn)行攻擊，她嘲諷、暗示、質(zhì)疑，而不是下論斷，鼓吹自己的觀點(diǎn)，或是充當(dāng)見證：她的作品是諷刺作家的藝術(shù)。 　　伍爾芙的文學(xué)楷模是像契訶夫和喬叟那樣敏銳的社會觀察家。正如她在《普通讀者》中表述的，完全可以說，還沒有因?yàn)閱疼耪f了什么或?qū)懥耸裁炊贫ǔ鲆豁?xiàng)法律或是建起一塊石碑；但當(dāng)我們在閱讀他的作品時(shí)，卻會全身心地汲取其道德思想。正如喬叟一樣，伍爾芙選擇去理解判斷，去徹底了解她所置身的社會去創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)而不是爭論性文章，這才是至關(guān)重要的決定。